Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound. We know from cuneiform tablets that 5000 years ago the Sumerians were boiling ashes together with animal and vegetable fats to make a slurry that they used for cleaning. Similar recipes for soap made from alkaline salts mixed with oils have been found on Egyptian papyri dating as far back as the New Kingdom (circa 1500 B.C.). Prior to the first manufacturing process, sodium hydroxide did not exist in the form we know it today. Calcium carbonate, also known as limestone, then readily available (and very easily stored), was used in a long tedious cooking (the ancient soap boiling method) to expedite the saponification process, with salt water washes of the soap curds used to separate the non water soluable elements out of the soap mass. Sodium Hydroxide was discovered by Humphrey Day while in England in the year 1807. The event or experiment that was used for this discovery is unknown.
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